Which term describes a situation where the distal segment is fixed while the proximal segment is freely moving?

The term that describes a situation where the distal segment is fixed while the proximal segment is freely moving is known as "open chain." In an open chain movement, the end of the chain (distal part) does not have to be in contact with the ground or another object, allowing the proximal joints to move independently. This allows for a variety of movements and exercises, often seen in isolation exercises like leg extensions or bicep curls.

In contrast, closed chain movements occur when the distal segment is fixed, which inherently restricts the movement at the proximal joints. Understanding this distinction is crucial for clinical applications, such as rehabilitation and exercise prescription, as it influences how forces are transmitted through the body and the types of muscle activation patterns that occur.